Since the beginning of time, morality has been a central...

Since the beginning of time, morality has been a central component of human society. We strive to create the best moral standards possible. Laws have been enacted, treaties signed, and unions formed in order for people to live as morally as possible. But imagine a dystopian society in which the basic morals we consider necessary did not exist, and with the most fundamentally basic human rights standards vanished. The two short stories Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut and The Lottery by Shirley Jackson exemplify two societies with completely different moral codes. The compelling short story Harrison Bergeron, by Kurt Vonnegut, is set in a future dystopian society. The plot follows an â€Å"average family† in the year 2081 after the 211th,†¦show more content†¦Hazel’s character is extremely unintelligent, and she is not even required to wear a mental handicap, showing that the â€Å"average† intelligence is in fact less then average. But the irony of the flawed system is that by giving every person different handicaps to become equal, you are in fact creating a society that is inherently unequal. Morally corrupt, the government plays a major role in displaying the dystopian societal morals of this story. Government is supposed to play a positive role in people’s lives. From enforcing morality and human rights, to simply supplying its citizens with fair and just treatment, government is supposed to be the backbone of society. But in this story, the government is the exact opposite. (quote) Morality in the sh ort story Harrison Bergeron plays a major role in the development of a strong central them and plot. Mysterious and unsettling, the short story The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson, displays a violent side of dystopian societal morals. The story begins with an entire town gathering in a designated spot for an unknown lottery drawing. The reader is left completely in the dark to guess what the lottery drawing is for. But after a while an elderly man comes with a box containing multiple folded pieces of paper. The head of each household in the town then must come up and pick from the box. After everyone had picked, theyShow MoreRelatedPharmacy Compounding Regulations The Genesis of the Drug Quality and Security Act642 Words   |  3 PagesEngland Compounding Center (NECC) synthesized over 17,000 contaminated steroid pain injections that were shipped to 23 states.2 Up to this point, the methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injections compounded by the NECC have caused the death of 64 people and resulted in 751 cases of fungal meningitis in 11 states. With over 750 cases and still counting, t he NECC outbreak is one the largest of healthcare-associated infections ever reported in the United States.3 In 2006, the NECC was under investigationRead MoreEssay on Quality Assurance for Biological Products 1714 Words   |  7 PagesBoston in 2012 was the New England Compounding Center (NECC), our biggest competitor. In October 2012, an outbreak of fungal meningitis was reported in the United States. At the moment, I didn’t think that the outbreak began from a compounding pharmacy until the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traced the outbreak to fungal contamination in three lots of medication used for epidural steroid injections compounded at the NECC. NECC distributed doses from these three lots to 75 medicalRead MoreThe Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Of The United States1783 Words   |  8 Pageswhich would report the numbers of infection. (Smith) These investigations which spanned the entire nation focused on preservative-free methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) originating from a single compounding pharmacy; New England Compounding Center (NECC). (Smith) The investigation included three lots produced by the compounding company, known as lots 05, 06, and 08. 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According to prices listed on the National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC) website, the wholesale rates of eggs have gone up by nearly 47% in the last five years. Egg prices could increase either due to increase in demand for eggs or decrease in supply of eggs. Following graphs will further explain effects on the price dueRead MoreSupport Drug Regulation Acts932 Words   |  4 Pagesensure drug quality and safety. S.959’s creation came about after an outbreak of fungal meningitis in September 2012 caused by a contaminated shipment of steroids, distributed by a drug compounding manufacturer named New England Compounding Center (NECC) which caused serious illnesses and death (Szabo, 2013), the Center for Disease Control (CDC) reported â€Å"as of Oct. 1, there were 750 reported cases of patients with infections attributed to the tainted steroid, including 64 deaths in 20 states.† (asRead MoreThe School That I Would Give Temple University Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pa gesI have attended only three different schools before NECC. The school that I thought was by far the most dynamic and helped me retain information better was Temple University. I would give Temple University an A, because I was exposed to several different teaching styles, which made the classes much more memorable. I remember sitting in my Language in Society Class thinking â€Å"Why are we taking a group quiz? 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Measure perf and refine if necc Weights * Results PSA P-B * B - Btotal - Separates stock picking from sector weighting SAI P-B * P-B (sector) - PSA vs. WS - is one worse than the other one is better WS B * P-B (sector) - can mgr pick stock Remember to deduct management

Learning Disabilities Essay - 1298 Words

Learning Disabilities When a child doesn’t seem to be learning, some teachers and parents in his/her life might criticize the child and think of them as stupid, or maybe just too lazy to want to learn. What they don’t realize is that the child might have a learning disability. But how are these children being helped? There are many programs, special schools and facilities, home teaching methods and many other ways in which children with Learning Disabilities are being helped. There are many different types of learning disabilities; the most common ones are dyslexia and attention deficit disorder. (Jerome Rosner. –third ed. 1) Dyslexia is a disorder in which someone has difficulty reading, which is not caused from a†¦show more content†¦There are two types of attention deficit disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Undifferentiated Attention Deficit Disorder. Students who have exhibited the characteristics of Attention Deficit Disorder for longer than six months may be at risk for having an attention deficit disorder. However, a diagnosis of attention deficit should only be made after ruling out other factors related to medical, emotional or environmental variables which could cause serious symptoms. Therefore, physicians, psychologists, and educators often conduct a multi-disciplinary evaluation of the child including medical studies, psychological and educational testing, speech and language assessment, neurological evaluation, and behavioral rating scales completed by the childs parents and teachers. Hyperactivity with ADD, without treatment, often results in failure, rejection by peers and family turmoil, all of which can lead to developmental delays and psychiatric complications stemming from low self-esteem and frustration (Jerry M. Weiner, M.D., Pres. Amer. Academy of Ch. Adol. Psychiatry) Without treatment, Attention Deficit Disorder can lead to poor social adjustment, behavioral problems, and school failure, drop–out and delinquency and drug abuse. A person with attention deficit disorder is too easily distracted and doesn’tShow MoreRelatedLearning Disabilities : A Learning Disability893 Words   |  4 PagesLearning Disabilities Information A learning disability is a condition that may cause you to have difficulty with listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or doing math. A learning disability can also affect your attention span, memory, muscle coordination, and behavior. Attention span problems, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), often happen with learning disabilities. Common learning disabilities include: †¢ Dyslexia. This causes difficulty with languageRead MoreDiagnosing Learning Disabilities662 Words   |  3 Pageschildren in the fourth grade have been recognized as reading way below the level of their peers. Many of these children are identified with a learning disability and receive remedial instruction in the resource rooms. (Aaron, P. G., Joshi, R., Gooden, R., Rentum, K. E.) The Diagnostic Criteria for learning disabilities (according to the DSM V) is a specific learning disorder which is diagnosed through an examination of the child’s developmental, educational, medical and responses of various interventionsRead More Various Learning Disabilities1834 Words   |  8 PagesLearning Disabilities Unlike other disorders an individual may have, there is no quick way and easy way to confirm or deny a learning disability. There is no x-ray, blood tests, easy and quick surveys to help educators determine whether a learning disability exists. Many of the problems with identifying and assisting children with learning disabilities are to have knowledge of the various learning disabilities and how they affect students. 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The cause of learning disabilities remains unknown but are believed to have been associated with some kind of brain function. Organic, genetic, and environmental are three major factors that have been hypothesized as possible causes. Organic factors include indications of brain differences in size or functioningRead MoreStudents With Learning Disabilities And Learning Differences2148 Words   |  9 Pagesencounter many students with learning disabilities or learning differences. These things can be anything between attention deficit disorder to down syndrome. It is the teacher’s job to understand what that child is going through in order to ensure that they receive the best available education possible. Now a teacher might say, â€Å"I am not required to know how to teach special ed ucation†, which is where most of these students will be placed. But ones with minor learning differences will be seen in everydayRead MoreMotivation Students With Learning Disabilities886 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation in Students with Learning Disabilities Rizka Puspitarani (3490616) What is Learning Disability? Learning disabilities (LD), or in some clinical cases called specific learning disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder which the individual is experiencing difficulties in learning and using academic skills (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Person with LD usually shows at least one difficulty in literacy (i.e.: inaccurate or slow and takes effort to read, difficult to understand

Novel Chronicle Of A Death Foretold English Literature Essay Free Essays

The secret plan of Chronicle of a Death Foretold revolves around Santiago Nasars decease and events taking up to his ghastly slaying. The writer seems to utilize both animate and inanimate objects to show symbolism that could convey important subjects. This essay will place and analyse certain scenes where objects have specific symbolism. We will write a custom essay sample on Novel Chronicle Of A Death Foretold English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The narrative is by South American writer named Gabriel Garcia Marquez who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982. Marquez was born in the tropical town of Aracataca in northern Colombia in 1928. He grew up with his maternal grandparents who were important in his development. His gramps in peculiar, shaped Marquez ‘s political and ideological positions. A cardinal factor possibly associating to this novel is the gramps ‘s occasional words to Marquez that â€Å" you can non conceive of how much a dead adult male weighs † . Marquez attended college to analyze jurisprudence but subsequently he worked as a journalist in New York, Paris, and Barcelona. In the first portion of the novel, there is an copiousness of prefiguration and symbolism. The first scene is Santiago Nasar ‘s dreams. The supporter ‘s female parent, Placida Linero, states in the really first page that he was â€Å" ever woolgathering about trees † . Trees are normally interpreted otherwise by persons but it seems to be a representation of a individual. For illustration, a healthy green tree would typify a individual who is accomplishing success or a individual ‘s physical and mental strength. The storyteller provinces in page seven that â€Å" he besides learned the good art of heroism and prudence † , the supporter ‘s steadfast strength of head and his ability to train himself could propose grounds that he had dreamt large green trees. The trees could besides portray the male parent, as he was a important other in Santiago Nasar ‘s life before he died, proposing that Santiago misses his male parent or has fond memories of him. The hebdomad before his decease, Santiago had another dream about trees, his female parent informs the storyteller that Santiago had told her â€Å" he was entirely in a tin foil aeroplane and was winging through Prunus dulcis trees without knocking into anything † ( p4 ) . Possibly the Prunus dulcis tree in Santiago ‘s dream could typify people of Colombia and the scene of the narrative, which is a little coastal town in Colombia. Possibly the writer chose Prunus dulcis trees to stand for his South American beginning and civilization. Almonds normally have a chocolate-brown colour and it seems to resemble the skin colour of South Americans. The tin foil aeroplane could stand for ignorance, as he was unaware of what inevitable wretchedness awaited him. He was besides winging entirely and queerly non knocking into the Prunus dulcis trees. This could farther propose that the people in his town had known about the secret plan to slay him but Santiago was incognizant of this danger because ironically, his slaying secret plan was a chief chitchat amongst the townsfolk yet Santiago was entirely non being informed of the danger. The strong presence of ignorance likely shows itself in this first dream. Santiago Nasar ‘s female parent recalls the inside informations of his dream the dark before he was murdered. She states that he dreamt he was traveling through a tree where a soft mizzle was falling, she farther states that he was happy in his dream but woke up â€Å" splattered with bird crap † . Sing that this novel was translated from Spanish to English, the word â€Å" crap † could be used otherwise in the two linguistic communications. Possibly in Spanish it could be a less awful word and could merely intend the dungs of fecal matters. In English, the word â€Å" crap † has a really strong and coarse significance normally used in general society as a really bad word even though it still refers to the same definition as the Spanish significance. The writer could hold used similar footings to replace the word â€Å" shit † but he might hold used a stronger more coarse word to convey to the reader how much problem Santiago Nasar was in. Trees used for bring forthing lumber are normally associated with comfortable life of an person or peaceable surrounding. Possibly it could typify success, the storyteller ‘s sister explains how he was rich and fine-looking but there was no strong grounds to demo these features of Santiago. The supporter was happy but all of a sudden found himself covered in bird dungs, the bird dungs were non in his dream but hold symbolism excessively. Bird dungs normally mean that there is failure of an person who is about reaching success but falls short. The bird dropping could stand for his slaying, he fails to be cognizant of the danger and avoid being killed. The 2nd scene bearing symbolic significance is the bishop ‘s visit to the town. Possibly this scene holds a batch of symbols of faith, particularly Christianity. In page 21, it states that â€Å" people were excessively excited with the bishop ‘s visit to worry about any other intelligence † , proposing another symbol of ignorance, people were willing to happen the bishop ‘s visit more of import so they did non trouble oneself to recognize another adult male ‘s life was in danger. Disappointingly the bishop did non acquire off the boat as everyone turned up aroused to run into him ; some came to be healed while other people brought well-fattened cocks and firewood as a manner of idolizing a holy figure in the Catholic faith. The delivery of fertile animate beings and workss to idolize a holy figure was used in the Christian Old Testament, a manner of worship. Today, Christians normally worship God straight by praying. The fertile offering brought to the bishop suggests that early Catholic ‘s still practiced worshipping by offering forfeits to holy figures trusting that blessing would be bestowed upon them. It could farther typify the South American civilization of the 1900 ‘s and besides typify faith. It could be identified from the two scenes that the objects have a really important function in typifying certain subjects or thoughts.Maybe these symbols are being used in an effort by the writer to convey the subjects and thoughts to the readers. There are certain major subjects that seem to look from both scenes. A really obvious subject is ignorance ; this is displayed by the supporter himself who was unaware of the baleful sign of his dreams and his failure to larn from others that his life was in danger. His female parent, in a manner, could hold shown ignorance by non seeking to understand the boy ‘s dreams. The female parent had a well-earned repute of construing dreams provided the dreams were told to her before she eats. This could propose that the female parent has been making this for a certain period of clip and she should hold besides gained experience of construing dreams. Unfortunately, she was non able to construe the boy ‘s dream. Possibly the female par ent did non hold a strong mother-son relationship with Santiago or she could non hold been bothered to try and detect the representation of her boy ‘s dreams. The townsfolk besides displayed ignorance when they made a determination that the bishop ‘s visit was deemed as more of import than seeking to salvage another adult male ‘s life. They had cognition of what awful event awaited Santiago but none of the town ‘s people warned Santiago himself. Another major subject that appears in both scenes is faith. The novel was written during a clip when most South American states were Catholic, the writer might hold shown inside informations of how the Catholics behaved in society and how they worshipped God or the cardinal figures in the faith. For illustration, Catholics believed that the virginity of adult females should be preserved until matrimony and this was shown with Angela Vicario in the novel. Angela Vicario was the female in the narrative who had lost her virginity before matrimony and was rejected by Bayardo San Roman. She so accused Santiago Nasar of doing her impure and this lead to Angela ‘s brothers, Pablo and Pedro, plotting to slay Santiago. The construction and the secret plan of the novel seem to be fragmented. Information is given to the readers about the character but non plenty to wholly analyse each one of them. The narrative is really cryptic and journalistic in a manner that there are no definite replies to the events happening in the novel. This could reflect the writer himself as he had antecedently worked as a journalist in many states. This journalistic manner of authorship could hold been adapted to his novels, this gives the novel a more entertaining position to the reader. The reader will hold to suit the narrative together and make up one’s mind on their ain decision. I enjoyed reading this book because of its copiousness of subjects and how it was like a detective narrative. The writer besides seems to typify his civilization utilizing the objects in the text. Word Count: 1,431 How to cite Novel Chronicle Of A Death Foretold English Literature Essay, Essay examples

An Asessment of the Mall Intercept as a Data Collection Method.

Question: Describe about the An Asessment of the Mall Intercept as a Data Collection Method? Answer: Introduction Data and its analysis is an important process, which helps in understanding and analyzing several information trend (Hair, 2007). Data can be analyzed through various methods and tools, depending on the complexity of the data and urgency of the situation. Methods applied on data analysis also impact the quality of the output which might be derived from the data analysis process (Cooper et al, 2006). Purpose of this assignment is to understand the concept of data analysis through a case study of a restaurant chain, which has opened its second restaurant in London. In order to ensure that opening a restaurant is a viable and logical move, shareholders of the restaurant wants to understand the existing market, for which data collection and its analysis needs to be done. Task 1 While working on research, there are two types of data which will be encountered by the researcher (Veal, 2005). These two types of data are: Primary data and Secondary data. Primary data can be defined as a data which is collected from firsthand experience and can be considered as most reliable and authentic form of data (Davis Cosenza, 1996). Whereas, secondary data is the one which is already published, however it cannot be considered anywhere less relevant than the primary data (Dillman et al, 2002). From perspective of restaurant data, it is important to understand that primary and secondary data can be collected from various methods (Reynolds et al, 2005). However, the basic plan for understanding of customer pricing preference has to be done through data analysis. Plan for this data collection is as follows: Data Collection Plan: Identify the need of data collection: Requirement related to data collection should be questioned first. Since in this case, stakeholders of restaurant wants to understand the customer pricing preference, hence it becomes important to conduct a data collection and based on that findings should be presented to the stakeholders, on the basis of which they can understand the market, and customer preferences (Cooper Schindler, 2003). Identify the sample size: hence for data collection methods such as surveys, interviews it is important to identify the sample size on which the data collection will be done. In this case, a sample size of 30 people can be assumed (Anderson et al, 2003). Once the data is collected it needs to be analysed through appropriate methods, so that reliable and logical information can be extracted. In case of qualitative primary data or quantitative primary data following are the solicited ways of collecting data which can be used: Figure 1: Primary data classification and methods to collect. Survey methodology which will be used is internet survey. Through internet survey a set of questions related to pricing preferences can be sent to the potential customers located near the restaurant (Clayton Werking, 1998). Digital survey form with questions and their options can be sent through the email. Once the customer completes the survey and submits it, responses will be automatically updated in the database. Sample frame for the survey will be of 30 people. Following questions will be asked in the survey for pricing preferences: Your Age Under 18 18-25 26-30 31-40 Above 40 Your gender Male Female How often do you eat in a restaurant Once a week Twice a week Daily Once a month How much do you normally spend on lunch/dinner in a restaurant? 15 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 40 more than 40 Above four questions will be asked in optional survey form. Reason for selecting this method is, that in this methods user has specific option to select form, which will enable accurate data analysis. Otherwise in case of qualitative data collection, at times data collected might be ambiguous in nature as well. Based on the above questionnaire it can be said that following was the findings: Among male and female, it was female gender which frequently visits the restaurants in the location where new restaurants is proposed. Among people surveyed, majority of the patrons of restaurants are above 25 years age. This reflects that people who are either working professionals, or having some type of business visits restaurants in the location. Among 30 people surveyed, 47% claimed that they visit restaurants daily, where as 33% visit once in a week. More than 40% people who were surveyed, their spending on their restaurants bill is between 26-40 Euros. Based on the results collected, on surface level, it can be said that there is tremendous potential for the proposed restaurants. Majority of people surveyed mentioned that they at least visit restaurants once a week, which is a good frequency from business point of view. In such case it becomes important to target the customer base which spends money in range of 26-40 Euros. In order to start initially, this price range is good to start, else pricing above this range might impact the perspective business, as too expensive food items might push the restaurant in league of highly premium category which will impact the customer footfall. A statistics which conveys the information that how dispersed the values are in a range is a measure of dispersion (Taylor Bogdan, 1984). In this case, range can be considered as the measure of dispersion. Range gives the difference between the greatest and the smallest value for a given value among the n observation (Benawa et al, 2009). In this case of restaurant, the idea is to select a range of 30 people of various age groups, gender and spending habit. Hence 30 is the observation sample for the survey. Based on this measure of dispersion, it is being found that what the pricing preferences of the customer are (De Leeuw, 2005). Which means, it will be analyzed that how much customer spend on food, what is their gender, age group and frequency of visit. Their spending habit will highlight their purchasing power. It is important to understand that a fine dine restaurant is an optional expense, which means it is more like a leisure activity, hence it is not necessary that people ar e always willing to spend money on expensive food. That is why it is important to understand their pricing preferences of the customer, as it will help in setting up the price of various food items on the menu. Quartile: According to Dransfield (2003), Quartile represents the middle value between two quarters of a distribution. The low quartile is the value between the first and second quarter of the distribution. The upper quartile is the value between the third and fourth quarter of the distribution. The middle class is called median (Bush Hair, 1985). Percentile: Percentiles can be defined as values that divide a sample of data into one hundred groups containing equal number of observations. For example, 40% of data values lie below the 40th percentile (Comley, 1996). Coefficient: the coefficient of variation measures the spread of a set of data as a proportion of its mean (Patton, 2005). It can also be defined as ratio of the sample standard deviation to the sample mean. Coefficient is also expressed as percentage. Hence it can be said that, these three concepts of quartiles, deciles, and percentiles divide a frequency distribution into a number of parts containing equal frequencies. When quartiles are applied then it results into division of range of values into four parts, where each part contains one quarter of value. Deciles, divides the range into ten parts, where each part represents one tenth of the total frequency, and lastly percentiles divides into hundred parts, where each part contains one hundredth of the total frequency (Granello Wheaton, 2004). Based on above analysis it can be said that the proposed restaurant should have a competitive pricing in order to ensure that it is able to cater to customers, who want to have food at competitive pricing. In this regard, other aspects related to the proposed restaurants such as its ambience, location etc. will play a major role in the pricing strategy. Task 2 Representative result for above survey is as follows: Your Age Under 18 18-25 26-30 31-40 Above 40 Result: Figure 2: Response to Question 1 of Survey Your gender Male Female Result: Figure 3: Response to Question 2 of Survey How often do you eat in a restaurant Once a week Twice a week Daily Once a month Result: Figure 4: Response to Question 3 of Survey How much do you normally spend on lunch/dinner in a restaurant? 15 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 40 more than 40 Result: Figure 5: Response to Question 4 of Survey Analysis of the data and final recommendation: Based on the above survey conducted following aspects are revealed: In terms of people age group who visits the restaurants in the proposed location, it can be said that majority of people are in range of 26-30 years, which forms the 40% of the total people surveyed. Second largest age group is of people in range of 31-40 years, which forms 33% of the total customer base. It means, that maximum people who visit the restaurant are working professionals or business man, and have decent buying capacity to buy premium or high quality food items. Out of 30 people surveyed, 60% respondents are female and 40% male, this means that female have a major decision making role when they decide to visit the restaurant either alone, with their friends or their partners. Hence, it is important to include items on the menu which are popular among the women. Out of 30 people surveyed, 47% people visit restaurant daily. However this cannot be true completely for a fine dining restaurant, since daily restaurants are mainly fast food outlets as well. In that case 33% people in this group visit the restaurant once a week. Such kind of customers have good buying power, because visiting restaurant every week is not a cheap dining habit. Also, such kind of frequent customer wants to experiment with the items on the menu. Hence, accordingly menu and the pricing can be decided. Most important aspect of the survey was related to people spending. In this survey, out of 30 people, 33% people have responded that they spend money in range of 15-20 Euros, it means that there is a huge market for food items which are economically priced, it also represents the fact that a large number of people are inclined towards fast food items such as burgers, pizza etc. However, important aspect of the survey was that more than 40% of the total people surveyed, responded back that they spend more than 26-30 Euros. This is where the pricing for proposed restaurant starts. Hence, it is important to focus on these entry level customers, who might like to experiment with their food items, but still might shy away from more exquisite or special food items. One major fraction of the people surveyed responded that they spend between 31-40 Euros every time they visit restaurant. Such kind of people were 27% of the total people surveyed. It means, that there is significant amount of buying power among people visiting other restaurant in that area. Based on the above, survey and its analysis following is recommended: Special attention should be given to customer who are capable of spending 26-40 Euros on each food item. This group of customer will be responsible for generation of the core revenue for the restaurant. Also, since combined strength of customer in these two price bracket is 67%, it means that people are ready to spend on food items which are priced towards high end. In such scenario, restaurant management can include high price items in the menu. Focus should be more on the above mentioned 67% of the total people surveyed. Due to the fact, that these customers will be responsible for buying high priced food items, which will have more profit margin, resulting in more revenue per person. Whereas, other 33% of the total people surveyed, it can be said that there spending level is between 15-20 Euros. This customer segment will expect cheap or economically priced food items. Hence, in any case this customer base will not help in earning much profit. That is why it is important to focus on customer base which falls in segment of 67%. Pricing preference of the customer based on the above analysis appears to be inclined toward competitive pricing (Collis Hussey, 2003). Which means, that despite of the fact that majority of the people surveyed, maximum percentage of people are towards high spending group, but still it cannot be the only criteria for deciding the final pricing structure. It can be observed from the findings, that how there is a large group of customers who prefers to spend less than 30 Euros for their food. Proposed restaurant should focus on achieving volume as well profitability from margin on the price. This will ensure that pricing of the food items remains competitive in nature, and there is something for both types of customers, whether it is a customer looking for economically priced food item, or any other customer looking for slightly high priced food item, but with pleasurable experience. It is also important to understand that in order make such business decisions; data has a critical role to play. Hence before making such critical decisions where pricing preference has to be determined, it is important to collect the data and accordingly analyze it through proper methods and techniques. References Anderson, E. C., Fernandez, D. M. J. 2003.U.S. Patent No. 6,571,246. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Benawa, H., Dousti, R. A., Liu, T. P., Sieh, H. R., Singh, S., Winfield, C. P. 2009.U.S. Patent No. 7,555,548. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Bush, A. J., Hair Jr, J. F. 1985. An assessment of the mall intercept as a data collection method.Journal of Marketing Research, 158-167. Clayton, R. L., Werking, G. S. 1998. Business surveys of the future: The World Wide Web as a data collection methodology.Computer assisted survey information collection, 543-562. Collis, J., Hussey, R. 2003.Business research. Basingstokee NH NH: Palgrave Macmillan. Comley, P. 1996. The use of the Internet as a data collection method.SGA Market Research. Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. 2003. Business research methods. Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S., Sun, J. 2006. Business research methods. Davis, D., Cosenza, R. M. 1996.Business research for decision making. Belmont, California: Duxbury Press. De Leeuw, E. D. 2005. To mix or not to mix data collection modes in surveys.JOURNAL OF OFFICIAL STATISTICS-STOCKHOLM-,21(2), 233. Dillman, D. A., Eltinge, J. L., Groves, R. M., Little, R. J. 2002. Survey nonresponse in design, data collection, and analysis.Survey nonresponse, 3-26. Granello, D. H., Wheaton, J. E. 2004. Online data collection: Strategies for research.Journal of Counseling Development,82(4), 387-393. Hair, J. F. 2007. Research methods for business. Patton, M. Q. 2005.Qualitative research. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., ... Chin, N. 2005. Global entrepreneurship monitor: Data collection design and implementation 19982003.Small business economics,24(3), 205-231. Taylor, S., Bogdan, R. 1984.Introduction to research methods. New York: Wiley. Veal, A. J. 2005.Business research methods: A managerial approach. Pearson Education Australia/Addison Wesley.

Project Report on Food Processing Unit free essay sample

Papad is a popular and tasty food item in the Indian diet since many centuries. It is essentially a wafer-like product, round in shape and made from dough of powdered pulses, spices, powdered chilly and salt. Variety of pulses and proportion of pulses and spices varies from region to region depending upon preferences of local people whereas certain varieties are popular on a larger scale. Traditionally this activity was confined to household papad making but in view of increasing demand and availability of machinery (mechanisation) it has now been developed in cottage and small scale sector. PRODUCT Papad is a favourite item with Indians and is used as taste enricher with the main course and as a snack item. Since it is made from pulses, it is easy to digest and nutritious as well. It is very easy to make instant food item and is either fried in edible oil or simply roasted before serving. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Report on Food Processing Unit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its shelf life is 2? to 3 months. This product can be made anywhere in the country. The note envisages location at an appropriate place in Assam. MARKET POTENTIAL Market for papad is steadily growing across the country. There are not much seasonal fluctuations but demand generally goes up by 10% to 15% during winter season. There are a couple of national brands but the market is predominantly controlled by the local brands. This activity is yet to pick up in Assam and thus prospects for a new entrant are bright, provided quality is good and prices are competitive. It can be sold through many outlets of provision and departmental stores. Before launching the product, a quick assessment of consumer preferences is advisable. Demand and Supply Papad manufacturing is primarily confined to the unorganised sector. There are some national brands like Lijjat, Leher, Haldiram etc. ut their products are costly and thus have limited market share. Bulk of the market is controlled by the local brands. Market for these products is growing steadily and there are not much seasonal fluctuations. Marketing Strategy Pricing is a critical aspect to compete with established brands and the product has to be pushed through with the help of retailers. A small delivery van is necessary. Requisite changes in the ingredients have to be made in line with regional likings. Farsan items can be sold in bulk packing of 2, 5 and 10 kgs. o the retailers who, in turn, would repack them in suitable quantity and sell. This is a standard practice in this industry as retailers from nearby centres prefer to buy them in bulk for selling in local market. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Papad can be manufactured from different varieties of pulses or there could be a combination of pulses as well. Adequate quantity of water is added in flour of pulses, common salt, spices and sodium bicarbonate and homogenous mixing is done to obtain dough. After about 30 minutes, small balls weighing around 7-8 grams of dough are made. These balls are then placed in papad making machine or papad press wherein these balls are pressed and circular papads are made as per the size of mould. These papads are then sun-dried but in this note drier with trolley is recommended as sun-drying may not be always feasible in Assam. Lot of 25 or 50 papads is then packed in polythene bags. CAPITAL INPUTS 1. Land and Building A plot of land of about 150 sq. mtrs. with built-up area of approximately 80 sq. mtrs. shall be adequate to house all the equipments leaving sufficient space for storage and packing. The location need not be at a prominent place as counter sales is not envisaged. The total cost of land is taken at Rs. 50,000 whereas the construction cost is assumed to be Rs. 2. 00 lacs. 2 . Plant and Machinery It is suggested to have annual rated production capacity with 300 working days and 2 shift working of 60 tonnes. To install this capacity, following machinery shall be needed: Item| Qty. | Price (Rs. )| Grinder with electric motor having 30-35 kgs/hr. capacity| 1| 22,000| Mixer of 20 kgs. per charge capacity with electric motor| 1| 20,000| Pedal-operated papad press| 2| 14,000| Drier with trolley and 48 trays with heating element of 9 KW| 1| 50,000| Extra aluminium trays| 50| 5,000| Sealing Machine| 2| 4,000| Water Storage tank| 1| 5,000| Laboratory Equipments| †¦. | 5,000| Weighing Scale| 1| 7,000| | Total| 1,32,000| The machinery suppliers in Guwahati are 1. Industrial Equipments (Lakhtokia) 2. Archana Machinery Stores (Aathgaon) Miscellaneous Assets Some other assets like aluminium top tables, furniture amp; fixtures, baskets, drums, storage racks, aluminium/stainless steel utensils etc. shall also be required for which a provision of Rs. 40,000/- is made. Utilities The total power requirement shall be 25 HP whereas water required for process and sanitation and other purposes shall be about 700-750 ltrs per day. The annual cost under this head at 100% capacity utilisation shall be around Rs. 50,000/-. Raw Material The all important raw material would be flour of pulses depending upon the product mix. Since annual requirement even at 100% will not be more than 60 tonnes, availability would not be a bottleneck. Other materials like salt, spices, edible oil, preservatives etc. shall be required in small quantity and they will be available locally. Packing material like different sizes of polythene bags and corrugated boxes shall also be available locally. MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS Particulars| Nos. Monthly Salary (Rs. )| Total Monthly Salary (Rs. ) | Skilled Workers| 2| 1800| 3600| Helpers| 4| 1200| 4800| Salesman| 1| 2000| 2000| | | Total| 10400| TENTATIVE IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE | Activity Period (in months)| Application and sanction of loan| 2| Site selection and commencement of civil work | 1| Completion of civil work and placement of orders for machinery | 4| Erection, installation and trial r uns| 1| DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT Land and Building Item| Area (Sq. Mtrs)| Cost (Rs. )| Land| 160| 50,000| Building| 80| 2,00,000| | Total| 2,50,000| Machinery The total cost as spelt out earlier will be Rs. 1, 32,000/-. Miscellaneous Assets A provision of Rs. 40,000 as explained before is considered to be sufficient. Preliminary amp; Pre-operative Expenses Expenses like registration amp; establishment charges, trial run, interest during project implementation etc. will be around Rs. 40,000/-. Working Capital Requirement The rated production capacity of the project shall be 60 tonnes per year but it is assumed that it would operate at 60% in the first year. The working capital needs at this level shall be as under: (Rs. In lacs) Particulars| Period| Margin| Total| Bank| Promoters| Stock of Raw Materials| ? Month| 30%| 0. 28| 0. 20| 0. 08| Stock of Finished Goods| ? Month| 25%| 0. 40| 0. 30| 0. 10| Receivables| 1 Month| 25%| 0. 90| 0. 68| 0. 22| Other Expenses| 1 Month| 100%| 0. 20| | 0. 20| | | Total| 1. 78| 1. 18| 0. 60| Cost of the Project and Means of Financing (Rs. in lacs) Item| Amount| Land and Building| 2. 50| Machinery| 1. 2| Miscellaneous Assets| 0. 40| Pamp;P Expenses| 0. 40| Contingencies @ 10% on Building and Plant amp; Machinery| 0. 38| Working Capital Margin| 0. 60| Total| 5. 60| Means of Finance| | Promoters Contribution| 1. 75| Term Loan from Bank/FI| 3. 85| Total| 5. 60| Debt Equity Ratio| 2. 20 : 1| Promoters Contribution| 31%| PROFITABILITY CALCULATIONS Production Capacity and Build-up The annual installed capacity shall be 60 tonnes but in view of teething troubles and other difficulties like power failure, absenteei sm etc. the actual utilisation is taken at 60% and 75% respectively during first 2 years. Sales Revenue at 100%(Rs. in lacs) Product| Qty. (Tonnes)| Selling Price (Rs. )| Sales| Papad| 60| 32,000| 19. 20| Raw Materials Required at 100% (Rs. in lacs) Product| Qty. (Tonnes)| Rate per Ton| Value| Flour of Pulses| 58| 16,000| 9. 28| Edible Oil, Salt, Spices, Preservatives, etc. | | | 0. 60| Packing Material| | | 0. 70| | | Total| 10. 58| Utilities Annual expenditure on utilities even at 100% activity level is likely to be Rs. 50,000/- as explained earlier. Interest Interest on term loan of Rs. 3. 85 lacs is calculated @ 12% per annum considering a moratorium period of 1 year and then repayment in 3 years.

Reflection Essay Essays

Reflection Essay Essays Reflection Essay Essay Reflection Essay Essay Reflection Essay Name: Course: Date: Reflection Essay Introduction The internet today plays a key role in the day-to-day lives of majority of the world’s population. This is because it has facilitated the integration of several important amenities in one place, the internet. Acquiring such information is now easy and affordable not forgetting much faster than reading books for instance. How would the world be without the internet? What level of development will it have achieved? In the modern world, lack of the internet, for example, in the workplace may affect the running of the place. The internet has encompassed such features like the blogs, wikis, social networking sites and social book marking tools. Such features have encouraged easier communication and access of information through the internet. Discussion Blogs are quite significant especially in the case of communication. This is because the bloggers pass information through their blogs and their readers are able to air their views pertaining to the topic of discussion. People in different countries communicate regardless of any barriers. Wikis are a group of informative sites in the internet that provide information on virtually every topic imaginable. In the case of students, wikis have enhanced their information base of students by the provision of a wide range of informative material that they can use in their research. Social networking sites are also extremely popular sites in the internet. They create a platform for people from various countries to interact and make friends. Organizations have also initiated advertisements by taking advantage of the large number of people who access the networks (Levine Young, 2010). Social book marking has also gained a lot of popularity because of its efficiency. It enables its users to save a lot of time by providing online bookmarks that ensure that the next time they require the information, they can easily acquire it. The development of the internet has introduced a lot of potential that was not even considered before. For instance, professional learning communities can use the internet to collaborate with other institutions. In my opinion, this will be remarkable, and it will enhance the quality of education provided in these institutions. Institutions offering similar educational opportunities can use the internet to collaborate with other schools. This will be beneficial to both the students and instructors in the institution. For the students, they will interact with fellow students who will expose them to other methods of learning they use; this will positively influence their educational experience. For the instructors, they can share new methods of teaching that will ensure that their students to obtain the highest level of education. Online collaboration can also play a crucial role in the case of research, they will be able to share information pertaining to their areas of research, and this will increase the odds of the success of the research project. Online collaboration will provide a much more advanced level of learning for the students involved (Rovai, 2009). This course has been enjoyable as well as educative. An advantage of the course is that it has enabled me to understand the impact the internet has had on the world. This is because it has explained in detail how the different aspects and sectors of the economy are affected by the internet. This has enabled me to understand the dynamics involved in their operations. Learning about the internet has also opened my mind to new ideas that the internet may facilitate in various aspects of our lives. In order to improve the course more, I would suggest the creation of a more student oriented course that will enable students to participate more in the course. If this is implemented, the overall performance and understanding will get better. Conclusion The internet is a highly crucial part of our lives in this modern world. Educating students about it is crucial as it makes them aware of the numerous opportunities associated with the internet. This course has comprehensively covered the internet and its usage in different capacities. Therefore, the students have obtained the necessary knowledge pertaining to the internet and its effects.

CRJ565 AL 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJ565 AL 4 - Essay Example People and especially clients are likely to see him as a leader that trusts his employees as well as one that is democratic in his leadership. The main problem is lack of interpersonal communication with her employees that is face-to-face which makes her leadership somehow cold. By her reducing her use of social media to communicate as well as utilizing lunch and tea breaks to interact with her employees on a more personal level, they are likely to start regarding her in high status and opening up to her. She will get to know her employees more if she spends much more time with them in meetings. Brenda however needs to have a team building experience with her employees away from the workplace in order to get to learn about her employees on a more personal level. This will enable much warmer communication, identify skills and talents and utilize them to increase performance. I agree on the point of appreciating the work the managers are doing by letting them seal the seal with the clients as they have been working at it for a long time. This will be empowering the employees and building up their confidence and managerial skills. Employees look up to their leader for inspiration, guidance as well as a role model. If the leader continues portraying certain behaviors that are not empowering, the employees will in turn emulate and repeat these same behaviors and this would affect the productivity of the company. If the CEO wants to be involved in the final signing of the contract by the clients, he should simply be present as a support figure and not interfere in any way. The nicotine test I agree is an invasion of the privacy of the employees and instead of doing so which only leads to his resentment by the employees, he should seek incentives to encourage them to live a healthy lifestyle. The nicotine test should be voluntary rather than mandatory. By providing incentives and rewards to the employees taking initiative over their

Challenge in Maximizing Profit for the Large Firms Essay

Challenge in Maximizing Profit for the Large Firms - Essay Example In the literature, it is noticed that the priorities of firms have changed during the above period under the pressure of the financial and political turbulence worldwide. We could indicatively refer to the study of Becerra (2008) where it is made clear that the firms’ profitability is developed under specific conditions: ‘(a) value uncertainty, (b) resources specificity, and (c) firm-level innovation’ (Becerra, 2008, 1110). It is not made clear in the above study whether the above conditions refer to the development of profitability of all firms or whether there are related only to the performance of firms of a specific size. The studies published on the specific field show that there is a relationship between the aspects of firms on profit and the political/ social and financial conditions of a particular region. In the 21st century, the increase in profit has been a significant priority for managers of large firms and TNCs; however, it seems that in the previous century – the 20th – different views on profit have been developed by the firms of this size; emphasis was put rather on the personal development of employees and the promotion of specific principles, like equality, across firms of all sizes. The fact that most of the large firms and TNCs of the 20th century were under the control of the state could possibly have affected the views of managers of these firms on profit. As noticed above, in the 20th century, firms’ priorities have been differentiated by those of firms operating in the modern market. The role of the state in the development of business activities has been major during the specific period; on the other hand, the 20th century is characterized by the promotion of social theories.

Dynamics between Human Activity and Nature during the Twentieth Essay

Dynamics between Human Activity and Nature during the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Amazon through Bezos had a goal on customer utility maximization with an aim of providing every product within the alphabet. Amazon kick started business in July 1995 trading its first book through Amazon.com, the book sold was Fluids concepts and creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanism of Thought by Douglas Hofstadter. Amazon underwent further expansion in Delaware in the year 1996. On 15th May 1997, Amazon offered its initial public offering of shares, doing business under NASDAQ stock exchange with their symbol being AMZN. The shares were traded at a price of US$ 18 per share. The firm had a unique initial business plan whereby they did not expect to acquire any gains for first four to five years. The firm has different websites for various countries around the world (Bryers, 2009). On the other hand, Border Books was initiated in 1971 under the watch of brothers Tom and Louis Borders in Ann Arbor, Michigan while they were undertaking their undergraduate a nd graduate programs at the University of Michigan. Later in 1976, a complimentary company known as Book Inventory System was formed to act as a wholesaler for Borders Books. It was also aimed at providing custom inventory system to regional independent bookstores which included: John Rollins, Thackeray’s, Schuler Books and Joseph-Beth Booksellers. In a bid to achieve expansion in the company, Robert F. Diromualdo formerly president of Hickory Farms was brought on board. The initial Borders bookshop was situated in two rooms above 209 State Street, north of the state theater. Their initial inventory mainly comprised of a combination of used books. Later on the brothers relocated to Maynard House apartment building which is in the southwest corner of William and Maynard Streets. They later on purchased out the inventory an 80 year old bookstore known as Wahr’s which was closing down at 316 South State. Wahr’s majorly traded in text books and school supplies which was different from the brothers’ specialization. The brothers thereafter relocated the retail bookshop to former Wagner & son men’s clothing store which saw the business expand to large scale. Tom Frick was assigned to handle the old shop which had by then been renamed Charing Cross Bookshop (Thompson, 2009). In 1992, Kmart attained the ownership of Borders which by then had owned an 8 year old book chain known as Waldenbooks since 1984. Kmart merged the two companies naming it Borders-Walden Group. The merger was aimed at having the experienced senior management from Borders help salvage Waldenbooks which was flopping. However this did not work as most of the Borders senior management opted to walk out of the company. By the end of the annum Kmart renamed the company as Borders Group. Singapore became the first state where the company established an international store; this took place in the year 1997. The company went ahead to further establish other 41 internation al stores in United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. Borders (UK) Ltd. was started in 1998 as branch of Borders Group. It grew to become one of the major booksellers in UK but was later sold out to a private investor in 2007 due to stiff competition in market. The Singapore store was declared the best performing among

Toyota Business Strategies Analysis

Toyota Business Strategies Analysis The following will focus on identifying and analyzing of Toyotas business strategies which lead them to success, as well as critical comparison and contrast will be provided Toyotas current strategies. Due to the global crisis which is the globalization, Toyota is facing with new opportunities and challenges; according to Porters five forces (2008), threats of rivalry among existing competitors, new entrants, substitutes, power of both consumer and suppliers are making them worried, Therefore, it is necessarily find out the ways to gearing themselves up to cope these crisis. In the end suggestive solution and recommendation will be laid out to improve the business strategies. THE HISTORY OF TOYOTA Toyota Motor is a multinational corporation headquartered in Japan and is the worlds biggest automaker. Toyota now owns and operates Lexus and Scion brands and has a majority shareholding stake in Daihatsu Motors, and minority shareholdings in Fuji Heavy Industries Isuzu Motors, and Yamaha Motors. The company includes 522 subsidiaries. Vehicles were originally sold under the name Toyoda from the family name of the companys founder, Kiichiro Toyoda. (online Accessed on 13-04-2010) TOYOTAS BUSINESS STRATEGY Toyota is the most leading Japanese automobile company. By creating more innovative car design and spending billions dollars in advertisement a year, Toyota has appeared in the eyes of many auto consumers worldwide. By producing high quality vehicles at affordable prices, Toyota has built its reputation globally. Toyota has reduced their prices as compared to other automobile makers. Toyota believes that the role of purchasing should be long term at the lowest price and no compromise on the production of quality products. Normally, companies do not want to cut their targeted return and they follow the strategy which is formulated in to the cost + profit = selling price. But Toyota takes a slightly different strategy which is formulated in to the price-cost=profit. Strategic management has a direct impact on its business in all organizations. Thats why Toyota has become leading company in auto industry because of the attractive strategic management policy. Now, Toyota plans to build t raining centers in different parts of the world, where they can easily train their new workers and managers how to design new cars and assemble them. Toyota is constructing more new factories. Although, it has already plants in 27 countries. When Toyota enters in US, everyone believes that this company will not be able to run a successful business. But, at present Toyota is leading in auto companies worldwide because of its strategic management planning. Solid Foundation As part of Toyota Customer First plan, Toyota is reinforcing our systems for building in excellence that reflects the customers point of view. Toyota is painstakingly getting better design quality by analyzing the causes of inconvenience from the design stage, which is the foundation of quality. Toyota is also honing their capability to analyze quality on manufacture lines by introducing in-line dimension. And, Toyota are reasserting basic assurance that assembly processes fabricate in excellence by introducing a team-leader structure for training production in human resources. Furthermore, in an effort to develop quality from side to side production and development, Toyota is collaborating intimately with suppliers. During this range of initiatives, Toyota is gradually producing results. It can say that, quality improvement never ends. Consequently, to avoid gratification, Toyota will use those initiatives as a starting point for more quality enhancement efforts. Growth Philosophy For the last decade, Toyota has focused on product and supply, sales and marketing and widespread advanced technology strategy, as well as the improvement of conventional hybrid vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) and fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs). Toyota believes that a transformation of people and technology lies at the heart of a companys competitiveness. As a result, Toyota is moving forward with personnel training based on the beliefs that developing human resources is a key part of manufacturing. These efforts expand ahead of simply having employees obtain knowledge and skills that development, production, or sales divisions need. Internationally, Toyota is implementing programs to facilitate all employees to embrace Toyotas culture and values and be aware of Toyota Way. (Online: accessed on 12/04/2010) Technology For development of an extensive range of technologies and products with focus on market formation, Toyota has determined on a wide-ranging advanced technology strategy, as well as the expansion of conservative hybrid vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) and fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs). The strategy of sustainable mobility goes further than now the vehicles themselves. Instead it integrates: The vehicles and technologies, as well as their whole life cycle measurementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.from improvement and production, to vehicle use, to how the vehicle is recycled at end of life. The partnerships that are essential to bring these advanced technologies to market The energy compulsory to power the technology, i.e.) how is the electricity generatedcoal, natural gas, solar? The urban atmosphere in which these products will function, as well as how the personal car fits into a mixed mobility transit strategy, re-charge/ re-fuel infrastructure, car sharing, etc. This wide-ranging strategy acknowledges the fact that there are many considerations when bringing a vehicle to market. By inspiring the discussion above individual technologies, Toyota is working to make parallel the technology and the market to make sure successful introduction and implementation of advanced technology vehicles. Training According to Porter (1980), in the planning stages, it is significant to note that new-product planning emphasizes a product that is as defect-free as achievable. Toyota designs excellence into the automobile. Technical advances, such as Computer-Aided Design (CAD), have helped designers generate and transform their specifications more rapidly than before, at the same time as getting better design quality. Quality is a necessary part of the pre-production process. Quality is the dynamic strength in establishing a system that meets the goals of design, cost and production quantity. The planning segment as well establishes a plan that outlines all particulars of the examination procedure. Quality manage involves close collaboration of numerous production departments. The competitive point of view for Toyota in the mini-car segment of Europe remains good. While competition is strong, Toyota has key competencies that allow the company to succeed in this environment. Recommendations Toyotas management performed well under the crisis they had to face, the problem was identified and think tanks gave the perfect solution of switching to central database and were supported by the decision makers. On the other hand, no praise shall taken away from Toyota by recommending that if the QMS department would have been a bit more affective, the wrongly dispatched tyres for the High Revenue Lexus Customers might had never been approved and customers not had to face the inconvenience or if Toyota would have forecasted the issue before they might have chosen the Central Database approach that would have added some more to the bunch of Toyotas satisfied customer. (Online, accessed on 13/04/10) Conclusion In conclusion, auto industries have to face the challenges of trade barriers nowadays and global competition amongst the auto manufacturers has become intensive. The vision for Toyota and is to become the worlds leading automotive company and achieve great success by adopting different marketing strategies. In addition, the Toyota values are expressed through anticipating consumer needs and delivering outstanding products and services that improve peoples lives, driven by a customer focus, creativity, resourcefulness, and entrepreneurial spirit. The marketing strategies were adopted by Toyota, affect the auto industrys potential for globalization. In order to be successful, major auto suppliers should pay particular attention to market needs and consumer expectations, costs issues within product design and development, and forces within global competition and political/legal environment. It is necessary to reduce costs by global configuration of value-adding as is the most important step towards the globalization of certain industries.

Amazon.com Essay -- Biography, Jeff Bezos

Jeff Bezos, founder, chief executive officer, president, and board chairman of the mega Internet store Amazon.com is considered one of the most innovative entrepreneurs of the e-commerce industry. At the age of 31, with just a computer science degree, little funding from his family, and a challenging idea, Bezos set out to pursuit his entrepreneurial vision of a internet bookstore which had turn into the biggest online retailer of our times (Jeff Bezos, 2007). Born in January 12, 1964, Bezos demonstrated intense scientific and mechanical interests since an early age. Parents, Miguel Bezos, a Cuban immigrant engineer, and Jackie Gise Jorgensen were impressed when their three-year-old Jeff dismantled his crib apart using a screwdriver (Business, 2006). Bezos’ early age was not different, attending River Oaks Elementary in a Houston Texas suburb while playing scientist from their parent’s garage. From the garage laboratory Bezos assembled an electric alarm to keep his younger cousins away from his workstation. Bezos spent most of the summers at his grandfather’s ranch at Cotulla, Texas were he would display his mechanical skills by repairing tractors, windmills, among other tasks (Jeff Bezos, 2007). In late 1970’s the family moved to Miami, Florida were Bezos attended Miami Palmetto Senior High School. The young man continued his early achievement when he was named valedictorian of his senior class in 1982, and was awarded with the Silver Knight Award from the Miami Herald (Business, 2006). Easily accepted, Bezos attended Princeton University and graduated in 1986 with a degree in computer science and electrical engineering, earning Phi Beta Kappa membership in the process (Business, 2006). Bezos’ entrepreneurial personality... ...e (Esten, 2007). Bezos entrepreneurial visions when further that Amazon when in 2004 he helped found Blue Origin, a human spaceflight tourism start-up company. Recently, the 43 years old capitalist had been using a lot of his time and business knowledge to philanthropic work, heading his own foundation and addressing important issue to the whole world (Jeff Bezos, 2007). Jeff Bezos have proved to be a very successful businessman with an incomparable entrepreneurial vision for opportunities. He led a small garage start-up e-bookstore to become the biggest online retailer in the world. During the process he reaffirmed his position as a great leader, manager, and human being. Recognized by multiple institutions in the business world and out of it, Bezos deserves the respect of the global society for having revolutionized the way the world shops online.

The Host Chapter 39: Worried

Perfect, I grumbled to myself. Just perfect. Ian was coming to join me for lunch, a big smile glued into place on his face. Trying to cheer me up†¦ again. I think you're overdoing the sarcasm lately, Melanie told me. I'll keep that in mind. I hadn't heard from her much in the past week. Neither of us was good company right now. It was better if we avoided social interaction, even with each other. â€Å"Hey, Wanda,† Ian greeted me, hopping up onto the counter beside me. He had a bowl of tomato soup in one hand, still steaming. Mine was beside me, cooled and half full. I was toying with a piece of roll, ripping it into tiny pieces. I didn't answer him. â€Å"Oh, come on.† He put his hand on my knee. Mel's angry reaction was lethargic. She was too used to this kind of thing to really work up a good fit anymore. â€Å"They'll be back today. Before sunset, without a doubt.† â€Å"You said that three days ago, and two days ago, and again yesterday,† I reminded him. â€Å"I have a good feeling about today. Don't sulk-it's so human,† he teased. â€Å"I'm not sulking.† I wasn't. I was so worried I could barely think straight. It didn't leave me energy to do anything else. â€Å"This isn't the first raid Jamie's gone on.† â€Å"That makes me feel so much better.† Again with the sarcasm. Melanie was right-I really was overusing it. â€Å"He's got Jared and Geoffrey and Trudy with him. And Kyle's here.† Ian laughed. â€Å"So there's no way they'll get into any trouble.† â€Å"I don't want to talk about it.† â€Å"Okay.† He turned his attention to his food and let me stew. Ian was nice that way-always trying to give me what I wanted, even when what I wanted was unclear to either of us. His insistent attempts to distract me from the present anxiety excepted, of course. I knew I didn't want that. I wanted to worry; it was the only thing I could do. It had been a month since I'd moved back into Jamie and Jared's room. For three weeks of that time, the four of us had lived together. Jared slept on a mattress wedged above the head of the bed where Jamie and I slept. I'd gotten used to it-the sleeping part, at least; I was having a hard time sleeping now in the empty room. I missed the sound of two other bodies breathing. I hadn't gotten used to waking up every morning with Jared there. It still took me a second too long to return his morning greeting. He was not at ease, either, but he was always polite. We were both very polite. It was almost scripted at this point. â€Å"Good morning, Wanda, how did you sleep?† â€Å"Fine, thank you, and you?† â€Å"Fine, thanks. And†¦ Mel?† â€Å"She's good, too, thanks.† Jamie's constant state of euphoria and his happy chattering kept things from becoming too strained. He talked about-and to-Melanie often, until her name was no longer the source of stress it had once been when Jared was present. Every day, it got a little bit more comfortable, the pattern of my life here a little bit more pleasant. We were†¦ sort of happy. Both Melanie and I. And then, a week ago, Jared had left for another short raid-mostly to replace broken tools-and taken Jamie with him. â€Å"You tired?† Ian asked. I realized I was rubbing at my eyes. â€Å"Not really.† â€Å"Still not sleeping well?† â€Å"It's too quiet.† â€Å"I could sleep with you-Oh, calm down, Melanie. You know what I meant.† Ian always noticed when Melanie's antagonism made me cringe. â€Å"I thought they were going to be back today,† I challenged. â€Å"You're right. I guess there's no need for rearranging.† I sighed. â€Å"Maybe you should take the afternoon off.† â€Å"Don't be silly,† I told him. â€Å"I've got plenty of energy for work.† He grinned as though I'd said something that pleased him. Something he'd been hoping I would say. â€Å"Good. I could use some help with a project.† â€Å"What's the project?† â€Å"I'll show you-you finished there?† I nodded. He took my hand as he led me out of the kitchen. Again, this was so common that Melanie barely protested. â€Å"Why are we going this way?† The eastern field did not need attention. We'd been part of the group that had irrigated it this morning. Ian didn't answer. He was still grinning. He led me down the eastern tunnel, past the field and into the corridor that led to only one place. As soon as we were in the tunnel, I could hear voices echoing and a sporadic thud, thud that it took me a moment to place. The stale, bitter sulfur odor helped link the sound to the memory. â€Å"Ian, I'm not in the mood.† â€Å"You said you had plenty of energy.† â€Å"To work. Not to play soccer.† â€Å"But Lily and Wes will be really disappointed. I promised them a game of two-on-two. They worked so hard this morning to free up the afternoon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Don't try to make me feel guilty,† I said as we rounded the last curve. I could see the blue light of several lamps, shadows flitting in front of them. â€Å"Isn't it working?† he teased. â€Å"C'mon, Wanda. It will be good for you.† He pulled me into the low-ceilinged game room, where Lily and Wes were passing the ball back and forth across the length of the field. â€Å"Hey, Wanda. Hey, Ian,† Lily called to us. â€Å"This one's mine, O'Shea,† Wes warned him. â€Å"You're not going to let me lose to Wes, are you?† Ian murmured. â€Å"You could beat them alone.† â€Å"It would still be a forfeit. I'd never live it down.† I sighed. â€Å"Fine. Fine. Be that way.† Ian hugged me with what Melanie thought was unnecessary enthusiasm. â€Å"You're my very favorite person in the known universe.† â€Å"Thanks,† I muttered dryly. â€Å"Ready to be humiliated, Wanda?† Wes taunted. â€Å"You may have taken the planet, but you're losing this game.† Ian laughed, but I didn't respond. The joke made me uneasy. How could Wes make a joke about that? Humans were always surprising me. Melanie included. She'd been in just as miserable a mood as I was, but now she was suddenly excited. We didn't get to play last time, she explained. I could feel her yearning to run-to run for pleasure rather than in fear. Running was something she used to love. Doing nothing won't get them home any faster. A distraction might be nice. She was already thinking strategy, sizing up our opponents. â€Å"Do you know the rules?† Lily asked me. I nodded. â€Å"I remember them.† Absently, I bent my leg at the knee and grabbed my ankle behind me, pulling it to stretch out the muscles. It was a familiar position to my body. I stretched the other leg and was pleased that it felt whole. The bruise on the back of my thigh was faded yellow, almost gone. My side felt fine, which made me think that my rib had never really been broken. I'd seen my face while I was cleaning mirrors two weeks ago. The scar forming on my cheek was dark red and as big as the palm of my hand, with a dozen jagged points around the edges. It bothered Melanie more than it did me. â€Å"I'll take the goal,† Ian told me, while Lily fell back and Wes paced beside the ball. A mismatch. Melanie liked this. Competition appealed to her. From the moment the game started-Wes kicking the ball back to Lily and then sprinting ahead to get around me for her pass-there was very little time to think. Only to react and to feel. See Lily shift her body, measure the direction this would send the ball. Cut Wes off-ah, but he was surprised by how fast I was-launch the ball to Ian and move up the field. Lily was playing too far forward. I raced her to the lantern goalpost and won. Ian aimed the pass perfectly, and I scored the first goal. It felt good: the stretch and pull of muscle, the sweat of exertion rather than plain heat, the teamwork with Ian. We were well matched. I was quick, and his aim was deadly. Wes's goading dried up before Ian scored the third goal. Lily called the game when we hit twenty-one. She was breathing hard. Not me; I felt good, muscles warm and limber. Wes wanted another round, but Lily was done. â€Å"Face it, they're better.† â€Å"We got hustled.† â€Å"No one ever said she couldn't play.† â€Å"No one ever said she was a pro, either.† I liked that-it made me smile. â€Å"Don't be a sore loser,† Lily said, reaching out to tickle Wes's stomach playfully. He caught her fingers and pulled her closer to him. She laughed, tugging away, but Wes reeled her in and planted a solid kiss on her laughing mouth. Ian and I exchanged a quick, startled glance. â€Å"For you, I will lose with grace,† Wes told her, and then set her free. Lily's smooth caramel skin had taken on a bit of pink on her cheeks and neck. She peeked at Ian and me to see our reaction. â€Å"And now,† Wes continued, â€Å"I'm off to get reinforcements. We'll see how your little ringer does against Kyle, Ian.† He lobbed the ball into the far dark corner of the cave, where I heard it splash into the spring. Ian trotted off to retrieve it, while I continued to look at Lily curiously. She laughed at my expression, sounding self-conscious, which was unusual for her. â€Å"I know, I know.† â€Å"How long has†¦ that been going on?† I wondered. She grimaced. â€Å"Not my business. Sorry.† â€Å"It's okay. It's not a secret-how could anything be a secret here, anyway? It's just really†¦ new to me. It's sort of your fault,† she added, smiling to show that she was teasing me. I felt a little guilty anyway. And confused. â€Å"What did I do?† â€Å"Nothing,† she assured me. â€Å"It was Wes's†¦ reaction to you that surprised me. I didn't know he had so much depth to him. I was never really aware of him before that. Oh, well. He's too young for me, but what does that matter here?† She laughed again. â€Å"It's strange how life and love go on. I didn't expect that.† â€Å"Yeah. Kind of funny how that happens,† Ian agreed. I hadn't heard him return. He slung his arm around my shoulders. â€Å"It's nice, though. You do know Wes has been infatuated with you since he first got here, right?† â€Å"So he says. I hadn't noticed.† Ian laughed. â€Å"Then you're the only one. So, Wanda, how about some one-on-one while we're waiting?† I could feel Melanie's wordless enthusiasm. â€Å"Okay.† He let me have the ball first, holding back, hugging the goal area. My first shot cut between him and the post, scoring. I rushed him when he kicked off, and got the ball back. I scored again. He's letting us win, Mel grumbled. â€Å"Come on, Ian. Play.† â€Å"I am.† Tell him he's playing like a girl. â€Å"Playing like a girl.† He laughed, and I slipped the ball away from him again. The taunt wasn't enough. I had an inspiration then, and I shot the ball through his goal, guessing it would probably be the last time I got to do it. Mel objected. I don't like this idea. I'll bet it works, though. I put the ball back at center field. â€Å"You win, and you can sleep in my room while they're gone.† I needed a good night's rest. â€Å"First to ten.† With a grunt, he launched the ball past me so hard that it rebounded off the distant, invisible wall behind my goal and came back to us. I looked at Lily. â€Å"Was that wide?† â€Å"No, it looked dead center to me.† â€Å"One-three,† Ian announced. It took him fifteen minutes to win, but at least I got to really work. I even squeezed in one more goal, of which I was proud. I was gasping for air when he stole the ball from me and sailed it through my goalposts for the last time. He wasn't winded. â€Å"Ten-four, I win.† â€Å"Good game,† I huffed. â€Å"Tired?† he asked, the innocence in his tone a bit overdone. Being funny. He stretched. â€Å"I think I'm ready for bed myself.† He leered in a melodramatic way. I winced. â€Å"Aw, Mel, you know I'm joking. Be nice.† Lily eyed us, mystified. â€Å"Jared's Melanie objects to me,† Ian told her, winking. Her eyebrows rose. â€Å"That's†¦ interesting.† â€Å"I wonder what's taking Wes so long?† Ian muttered, not taking much notice of her reaction. â€Å"Should we go find out? I could use some water.† â€Å"Me, too,† I agreed. â€Å"Bring some back.† Lily didn't move from where she was half sprawled on the floor. As we entered the narrow tunnel, Ian threw one arm lightly around my waist. â€Å"You know,† he said, â€Å"it's really unfair for Melanie to make you suffer when she's angry at me.† â€Å"Since when are humans fair?† â€Å"Good point.† â€Å"Besides, she'd be glad to make you suffer, if I'd let her.† He laughed. â€Å"That's nice about Wes and Lily, don't you think?† he said. â€Å"Yes. They both seem very happy. I like that.† â€Å"I like it, too. Wes finally got the girl. Gives me hope.† He winked at me. â€Å"Do you think Melanie would make you very uncomfortable if I were to kiss you right now?† I stiffened for a second, then took a deep breath. â€Å"Probably.† Oh, yes. â€Å"Definitely.† Ian sighed. We heard Wes shouting at the same time. His voice came from the end of the tunnel, getting closer with each word. â€Å"They're back! Wanda, they're back!† It took me less than a second to process, and then I was sprinting. Behind me, Ian mumbled something about wasted effort. I nearly knocked Wes down. â€Å"Where?† I gasped. â€Å"In the plaza.† And I was off again. I flew into the big garden room with my eyes already searching. It wasn't hard to find them. Jamie was standing at the front of a group of people near the entrance to the southern tunnel. â€Å"Hey, Wanda!† he yelled, waving. Trudy held his arm as I ran around the edges of the field, as if she were holding him back from running to meet me. I grabbed his shoulders with both hands and pulled him to me. â€Å"Oh, Jamie!† â€Å"Did ya miss me?† â€Å"Just a tiny bit. Where is everyone? Is everyone home? Is everyone okay?† Besides Jamie, Trudy was the only person here who was back from the raid. Everyone else in the little crowd-Lucina, Ruth Ann, Kyle, Travis, Violetta, Reid-was welcoming them home. â€Å"Everyone's back and well,† Trudy assured me. My eyes swept the big cave. â€Å"Where are they?† â€Å"Uh†¦ getting cleaned up, unloading†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I wanted to offer my help-anything that would get me to where Jared was so I could see with my own eyes that he was safe-but I knew I wouldn't be allowed to see where the goods were coming in. â€Å"You look like you need a bath,† I told Jamie, rumpling his dirty, knotted hair without letting go of him. â€Å"He's supposed to go lie down,† Trudy said. â€Å"Trudy,† Jamie muttered, giving her a dark look. Trudy glanced at me quickly, then looked away. â€Å"Lie down†¦?† I stared at Jamie, pulling back to get a good look at him. He didn't seem tired-his eyes were bright, and his cheeks flushed under his tan. My eyes raked over him once and then froze on his right leg. There was a ragged hole in his jeans a few inches above his knee. The fabric around the hole was a dark reddish brown, and the ominous color spread in a long stain all the way to the cuff. Blood, Melanie realized with horror. â€Å"Jamie! What happened?† â€Å"Thanks, Trudy.† â€Å"She was going to notice soon enough. C'mon, we'll talk while you limp.† Trudy put her arm under his and helped him hop forward one slow step at a time, keeping his weight on his left leg. â€Å"Jamie, tell me what happened!† I put my arm around him from the other side, trying to carry as much of his weight as I could. â€Å"It's really stupid. And totally my fault. And it could have happened here.† â€Å"Tell me.† He sighed. â€Å"I tripped with a knife in my hand.† I shuddered. â€Å"Shouldn't we be taking you the other way? You need to see Doc.† â€Å"That's where I'm coming from. That's where we went first.† â€Å"What did Doc say?† â€Å"It's fine. He cleaned it and bandaged it and said to go lie down.† â€Å"And have you walk all this way? Why didn't you stay in the hospital?† Jamie made a face and glanced up at Trudy, like he was looking for an answer. â€Å"Jamie will be more comfortable on his bed,† she suggested. â€Å"Yeah,† he agreed quickly. â€Å"Who wants to lie around on one of those awful cots?† I looked at them and then behind me. The crowd was gone. I could hear their voices echoing back down the southern corridor. What was that about? Mel wondered warily. It occurred to me that Trudy wasn't a much better liar than I was. When she'd said the others from the raid were unloading and cleaning up, there was a false note to her voice. I thought I remembered her eyes flickering to the right, back toward that tunnel. â€Å"Hey, kid! Hey, Trudy!† Ian had caught up to us. â€Å"Hi, Ian,† they greeted him at the same time. â€Å"What happened here?† â€Å"Fell on a knife,† Jamie grunted, ducking his head. Ian laughed. â€Å"I don't think it's funny,† I told him, my voice tight. Melanie, frantic with worry in my head, imagined slapping him. I ignored her. â€Å"Could happen to anybody,† Ian said, planting a light punch on Jamie's arm. â€Å"Right,† Jamie muttered. â€Å"Where's everybody?† I watched Trudy from the corner of my eye as she answered him. â€Å"They, uh, had some unloading to finish up.† This time her eyes moved toward the southern tunnel very deliberately, and Ian's expression hardened, turned enraged for half a second. Then Trudy glanced back at me and caught me watching. Distract them, Melanie whispered. I looked down at Jamie quickly. â€Å"Are you hungry?† I asked him. â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"When aren't you hungry?† Ian teased. His face was relaxed again. He was better at deception than Trudy. When we reached our room, Jamie sank gratefully onto the big mattress. â€Å"You sure you're okay?† I checked. â€Å"It's nothing. Really. Doc says I'll be fine in a few days.† I nodded, though I was not convinced. â€Å"I'm going to go clean up,† Trudy murmured as she left. Ian propped himself against the wall, going nowhere. Keep your face down when you lie, Melanie suggested. â€Å"Ian?† I stared intently at Jamie's bloody leg. â€Å"Do you mind getting us some food? I'm hungry, too.† â€Å"Yeah. Get us something good.† I could feel Ian's eyes on me, but I didn't look up. â€Å"Okay,† he agreed. â€Å"I'll be back in just a second.† He emphasized the short time. I kept my gaze down, as if I were examining the wound, until I heard his footsteps fade. â€Å"You aren't mad at me?† Jamie asked. â€Å"Of course not.† â€Å"I know you didn't want me to go.† â€Å"You're safe now; that's all that matters.† I patted his arm absentmindedly. Then I got to my feet and let my hair, now chin length, fall forward to hide my face. â€Å"I'll be right back-I forgot something I wanted to tell Ian.† â€Å"What?† he asked, confused by my tone. â€Å"You'll be okay here by yourself?† â€Å"Course I will,† he retorted, sidetracked. I ducked out around the screen before he could ask anything else. The hall was clear, Ian out of sight. I had to hurry. I knew he was already suspicious. He'd noticed that I'd noticed Trudy's awkward and artificial explanation. He wouldn't be gone long. I walked quickly, but didn't run, as I moved through the big plaza. Purposeful, as if I were on an errand. There were only a few people there-Reid, headed for the passageway that led to the bathing pool; Ruth Ann and Heidi, paused by the eastern corridor, chatting; Lily and Wes, their backs to me, holding hands. No one paid me any attention. I stared ahead as if I were not focused on the southern tunnel, only turning in at the very last second. As soon as I was in the pitch-black of the corridor, I sped up, jogging along the familiar path. Some instinct told me this was the same thing-that this was a repeat of the last time Jared and the others had come home from a raid, and everyone was sad, and Doc had gotten drunk, and no one would answer my questions. It was happening again, whatever I wasn't supposed to know about. What I didn't want to know about, according to Ian. I felt prickles on the back of my neck. Maybe I didn't want to know. Yes, you do. We both do. I'm frightened. Me, too. I ran as quietly as I could down the dark tunnel.

Free Essays on Law And Order

I believe that there are several things worth of notice in Zinn’s texts. One of them is the very insightful perspective Zinn has on Law and Justice. At one point of the text he poses a question that left me thinking: where is our greater obligation, to law or to justice? I strongly feel that our â€Å"obligation† is both to law and to justice with responsibility, being aware of the outcomes of our actions. Justice and law should always be together. Although I think that law and justice should be together, I also feel that sometimes it’s imminent to break the law in order to achieve justice. Sometimes the legal system needs to be adapted to current times. Due to the great deal of interests of big companies, members of the government, and the innate bureaucracy of the system, the legal system does not progress into a more comprehensive one. This is why sometimes the law needs to be broken in order to achieve justice. When the law is broken, there are certain elements that are inevitable to see. Here comes Zinn’s biggest questioning based on the weight obedience and disobedience has on law and justice. Zinn says, â€Å"†¦absolute obedience to all laws will violate justice and sooner or later lead to enormous disorder.† I couldn’t agree more with his statement. Among other things, Zinn gives a very sensible view of law and justice. He supports his statements with historical facts that lead us to misery or freedom by means of obedience or disobedience.... Free Essays on Law And Order Free Essays on Law And Order I believe that there are several things worth of notice in Zinn’s texts. One of them is the very insightful perspective Zinn has on Law and Justice. At one point of the text he poses a question that left me thinking: where is our greater obligation, to law or to justice? I strongly feel that our â€Å"obligation† is both to law and to justice with responsibility, being aware of the outcomes of our actions. Justice and law should always be together. Although I think that law and justice should be together, I also feel that sometimes it’s imminent to break the law in order to achieve justice. Sometimes the legal system needs to be adapted to current times. Due to the great deal of interests of big companies, members of the government, and the innate bureaucracy of the system, the legal system does not progress into a more comprehensive one. This is why sometimes the law needs to be broken in order to achieve justice. When the law is broken, there are certain elements that are inevitable to see. Here comes Zinn’s biggest questioning based on the weight obedience and disobedience has on law and justice. Zinn says, â€Å"†¦absolute obedience to all laws will violate justice and sooner or later lead to enormous disorder.† I couldn’t agree more with his statement. Among other things, Zinn gives a very sensible view of law and justice. He supports his statements with historical facts that lead us to misery or freedom by means of obedience or disobedience....

Essay on Born in East L.a

Essay on Born in East L.a Essay on Born in East L.a David Herman Chicano Studies Born in East L.A On the day we as a class voted on which movie we wanted to watch I wasn’t sure which movie I should raise my hand for. I had this dilemma because I didn’t have a clue what any of the movies were about. I decided I would keep my hand down during the voting process and I’m sure glad that I did because as a class they obviously made the right choice without me. Born in East L.A won with the majority of the votes and little did I know that I would be telling my friends how good of a movie it would be? From the beginning of the movie I’m doing all that I can to hold back my laughter. The main character Rudy seems to be having an off day and you just can’t help but to laugh with him or at him. Many things do confuse me early on in the movie such as the beautiful French women or his car but they all seem to make sense by the time the movie is over. The fact that Rudy gets deported while picking up his illegal cousin was brilliant. That’s one thing I really liked about this movie was that throughout all the events that Rudy has to go through everything seemed to eventually tie in together. The movie flowed with great dialogue and jokes that kept me interested the entire time. The most interesting interactions in the movie for me happened between Rudy and Jimmy. Even writing the two names down you would think they could swap names. It was interesting how Jimmy had Rudy doing all his slave labor and Rudy never once questioned it. Jimmy fit into Mexico so much better then Rudy although Rudy was the one looked like he belonged there. Its not often that you see a white guy hustling a Mexican in Mexico and that’s what it looked like Jimmy was doing to Rudy. Jimmy did seem to have a kind heart, which I found to be a bit surprising. I had a feeling that he wasn’t going to pay for

When did humans become modern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

When did humans become modern - Essay Example Human beings have had a long and what can only be considered to be a prosperous history since the beginning of their modern era. While this has been the case, there has also developed plenty of speculation concerning when humans became modern, and the factors which influenced such a transformation. The fact that modern humans developed can be considered to be a great feat of resilience and adaptation on the part of human which has enabled the species to thrive and ensured that it has propagated itself all over the world. The ability of this species to adapt has also ensured that it has been able to settle even in the most inhospitable regions of the world, where its members have been able to develop the necessary physical characteristics that have promoted their survival (Bar Yosef, 2002). All of the modern human beings are considered to be members of the Homo sapiens species of humans which developed some two hundred thousand years ago with the development of those physical as well as physical characteristics that are also associated with the Neanderthal man. It has now been proven that the Neanderthal man was not a direct ancestor of modern man, and that in fact, they seem to have been contemporaries, each of them competing for the same resources. While this has been the case, most archaeologists now believe that these two species of humans may have been descended from a common ancestor known as Homo heidelbergensis. Despite their being contemporaries, when compared to other species of humans such as the Neanderthal man among others, the modern human seems to have developed a more delicate bone structure. The skull structure of the modern humans seem to have been more rounded than those of the other humanoid species that existed at the time, and this was also accompanied by high foreheads, and less pointed chins (Renfrew, 1996). The latter characteristics have come to be used as a means of identifying modern humans and it is these features which enable scient ists to determine a homo sapiens. The first human fossils that were discovered in the modern age were known as the Cro-Magnon and these were found in modern France where they were considered to be very similar to modern Europeans in appearance (Bjelcevic, 2013). The skeletons of these people seemed to be less dense than those of the Neanderthals, and their brain capacities seemed to be large, larger even when compared to that of modern man. The data that has been collected over the past century and a half shows that the early modern humans developed from an archaic ancestor in the region of East Africa. The first skull that depicted the development of modern human beings was one believed to be some 195000 years old found in the Omo valley in Ethiopia. However, while it is the common assumption that modern humans developed in East Africa and latter dispersed to other parts of the world, there have developed new theories concerning the development of the modern humans and their settle ment in the rest of the world (McBrearty & Brookes, 2000). As has been stated above, the common assumption is that modern humans developed in Africa and latter scattered to the rest of the world. This is known as the replacement model, and it states that modern humans developed in Africa and later migrated to the rest of the Old World where they gained dominance, eventually replacing the Neanderthals as well as other archaic species of humans. According to this model, modern humans developed between some 200000 and 150000 years ago and over time scattered to the rest of the Old World where they replaced other archaic humans between 60000 and 40000 years ago, as a result becoming the only surviving human species (Mithen, 1998). While this assumption is disputed in some quarters, it is possible that if it is correct, then it can be speculated that all the humans on the planet today may have a common African ancestry since all the other human species that were descended from the Homo e rectus are considered to have become extinct (Blythe, 2002). While the African origins of